-ism (n.)
IPA: PHONETIC RESPELLING:
作为名词的构词元素表示：行动或其结果；制度、主义、意识形态 等，源自法语 -isme或直接源自拉丁语 -isma， -ismus(也是意大利语、西班牙语-ismo、荷兰语、德语-ismus的起源)。源自希腊语 -ismos，作为名词结尾表示实践或者教导某事，源自-izein的动词词干，作为动词构成成分代表 the doing of the noun or adjective to which it is attached（此段翻译有待商榷）
word-forming element making nouns implying a practice, system, doctrine, etc., from French -isme or directly from Latin -isma, -ismus (source also of Italian, Spanish -ismo, Dutch, German -ismus), from Greek -ismos, noun ending signifying the practice or teaching of a thing, from the stem of verbs in -izein, a verb-forming element denoting the doing of the noun or adjective to which it is attached. For distinction of use, see -ity. The related Greek suffix -isma(t)- affects some forms.